Testing times and methods for common STDs

 　　exist clinical During online consultations, patients often feel confused: I had unsafe contact; sexually transmitted diseases How long is the incubation period generally? How long does it take to detect it? What method is best?

　　There is a certain incubation period for the onset of STDs, and there is also a window period for STD testing. The incubation period of sexually transmitted diseases refers to the period from when pathogenic microorganisms enter the human body to when clinical symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases appear. The window period of sexually transmitted diseases refers to the period from when pathogenic microorganisms enter the human body to when they can be detected by detection methods. However, due to environmental influences and individual patient differences, the incubation period and window period are often inconsistent, and the incubation periods of different sexually transmitted diseases vary.

　　1. Gonorrhea

　　The incubation period is 2 to 10 days, with an average of 3 to 5 days.

　　2. Genital herpes

　　Generally it is 2~10 days, the average is 6 days.

　　3. Syphilis

　　The shortest one can be within 1 week, and the longest one can be 1 to 2 months, with an average of 2 to 4 weeks.

　　4. Non-gonococcal urethritis (chlamydia and mycoplasma)

　　It usually takes 1 to 4 weeks, but can last up to 1 month.

　　5. Genital warts

　　According to the survey, the incubation period of genital warts is 3 weeks to 8 months, with the shortest being 3 to 4 weeks, and the longest incubation period being 8 to 12 months, with an average of 2.8 months. Most clinical observations report that the incubation period of genital warts is about 3 months.

　　6、AIDS

　　The shortest time for onset is 6 days after infection, and the longest time has been reported to be 14 years. The incubation period for adults is generally 29 months, while for children the incubation period is shorter, usually 12 months. 50% to 70% of people often have similar symptoms 1 to 2 weeks after infection cold acute phase symptoms. After being infected with AIDS, it usually takes several weeks to 6 months to produce anti-HIV antibodies. ； If infected through blood transfusion, anti-HIV antibodies can be produced in 2 to 8 weeks ； After sexual intercourse infection, HIV antibodies will develop in 2 to 3 months.

　　If patients suspect that they have accidentally contracted a sexually transmitted disease, they should eliminate psychological barriers and fears and go to the hospital regularly Hospital Do troubleshooting. Each STD detection method has its own specificity and sensitivity. A STD may not be detected by one method but can be detected by another method. The rapid development of molecular biology has greatly enriched the laboratory testing methods for sexually transmitted diseases and provided doctors with more diagnostic help.

　　The sexually transmitted disease testing projects and methods currently carried out by most hospitals are as follows.

　　Syphilis: Treponema pallidum dark field microscopy, Treponema pallidum antibody serological screening test (TRUST, RPR), Treponema pallidum antibody serological confirmatory test (TPPA, TPHA, FTA-ABS, TP-lgM WB).

　　Gonorrhea: Culture and identification of gonococci.

　　Genital warts: histopathological examination, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, molecular hybridization genotyping detection.

　　Genital tract Chlamydia trachomatis infection: real-time quantitative PCR.

　　Urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections: culture and susceptibility.

　　Genital herpes: immunofluorescence, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, HSV antibody IgM and IgG detection.

　　AIDS: colloidal gold rapid method, ELISA double antigen sandwich method, western blotting method.