The National Day is approaching. Do you want love and avoid sexually transmitted diseases?

　　They are all sexually transmitted diseases

　　In the past, sexually transmitted diseases were those spread through sexual intercourse disease , such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, they are called "classic sexually transmitted diseases". After the 1970s, diseases related to sexual behavior were collectively referred to as sexually transmitted diseases, and the types of sexually transmitted diseases were expanded to more than 20, including non-gonococcal urethritis, genital herpes, genital warts, and candida. Vaginitis , Trichomonas vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, pubic lice, hepatitis B and AIDS Wait (in clinical For convenience, the simpler name STD is still used, but it covers the scope of sexually transmitted diseases). my country currently lists the following eight common and harmful sexually transmitted diseases as key diseases for prevention and control: syphilis, gonorrhea, non-gonococcal urethritis, genital herpes, condyloma acuminata, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and AIDS.

　　How harmful are sexually transmitted diseases?

　　1. Complications are scary

　　If STDs are not treated promptly and thoroughly, they can cause various complications and sequelae. For example, late-stage syphilis can cause neurological, cardiovascular and bone damage. Gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis (cervicitis) are not completely cured. In men, they can cause epididymitis, spermatic corditis, prostatitis , women can cause endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease、salpingitis , fallopian tube obstruction, leading to ectopic pregnancy ( Ectopic pregnancy ), miscarriage, or even infertility. In addition, pressure, discrimination, and intimidation from family and society after illness may cause serious psychological burden, affect normal work and life, and even cause people to lose confidence in life.

　　2. Harm the family

　　STDs can be passed on to your spouse. Contaminated daily necessities can also infect family members, causing sexually transmitted diseases to spread within the family. This often leads to family turmoil, marital discord, and even marital crisis.

　　3. Babies are also in danger

　　Sick mothers can transmit STD pathogens to their fetuses or infants. Pregnant women suffer from syphilis, and Treponema pallidum can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, causing miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and congenital syphilis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae can infect a newborn through the mother's birth canal, causing the baby to suffer from gonococcal ophthalmia ("pyorrhoea"). Chlamydia trachomatis can cause neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia and other diseases, increasing neonatal mortality. Pregnant women suffering from genital herpes and genital warts can also infect their newborns.

　　Terrible STDs

　　1. Syphilis

　　Syphilis (English name: syphilis) is a chronic, systemic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. The vast majority are transmitted through sexual means and can clinically manifest as primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, tertiary syphilis and latent syphilis. An infectious disease that mainly manifests as vaginal erosion, external rashes, muscle and bone pain, skin nucleation and ulceration, and mental dementia.

　　If syphilis is not treated in time, it will lead to the loss of organ function, and it will also invade the central nervous system, causing tuberculosis, paralytic dementia, optic atrophy, cardiovascular system, etc. Many famous people in history died of syphilis (Health Review N05: Why many famous people died of syphilis).

　　The incidence rate of syphilis is now on the rise. The "2006 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Epidemic Report" released by the Ministry of Health shows that among Class A and B infectious diseases, a total of 174,506 cases of syphilis were reported, accounting for the fourth highest number of reported cases that year. In 2007, syphilis increased by 24.09%, ranking third after tuberculosis and hepatitis B. The STD Control Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the University of North Carolina jointly published an article in The Lancet, pointing out that the incidence of syphilis is rising rapidly in China. In 1993, the incidence of syphilis was less than 0.2 per 100,000 people, but by 2005, the number of syphilis infections reached 5.7 per 100,000 people. In just twelve years, the incidence rate of syphilis increased 28 times.

　　2. Herpes

　　Herpes is an infectious disease caused by the genital herpes simplex virus (HSV). Type I herpes viruses only cause infections of the lips, nasal mucosa, eye conjunctiva, and throat in humans, while type II viruses mainly cause genital inflammation and herpes in the traditional sense. However, with the increasing openness of sexual concepts and the use of various techniques and postures, the areas of action of these two viruses often overlap.

　　The main symptoms of herpes are painful, red bumps and blisters on the skin that may later break down and ulcerate. When there are no injuries or symptoms, herpes virus carriers may also infect others, but the infectivity is lower than those with the disease.

　　Herpes may cause cervical cancer, and newborns may be infected during delivery and die or develop serious illness. Therefore, pregnant women with herpes can undergo caesarean section to avoid the risk of infection in the birth canal. In addition to the serious eye infection that herpes may cause, the psychological stress caused by cervicitis also has a great impact on women.

　　3. Genital warts

　　Genital warts, also called Genital Warts, are sexually transmitted diseases caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). It is not only transmitted through genital contact, but can also be transmitted through vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse and oral intercourse. Condoms cannot completely prevent infection.

　　The HPV virus can cause cauliflower-shaped warts, or dry gray-yellow hard warts, to appear on the vulva, vagina, penis, pubic area and anus. Symptoms usually appear between 3 and 8 months after infection. Since most people may be asymptomatic at all or develop symptoms years later, the source of infection is also difficult to trace.

　　Genital warts can cause urinary obstruction, blood in urine, genital cancer and respiratory infections in newborns. HPV is divided into high-risk and low-risk types. Low-risk HPV only causes warts or other benign lesions near the genitals and anus. High-risk HPV may cause cancer, such as cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, and anus.

　　There is currently no complete treatment for genital warts, but cervical cancer vaccination for girls aged 9-14 who have not had sex can prevent 4 types of HPV.

　　4. Viral hepatitis

　　Among viral hepatitis, hepatitis B can be transmitted through blood and sex. Sexually transmitted infections are through bodily fluids and small injuries during sexual intercourse. Viral hepatitis can eventually lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination.

　　Want love, don’t get sick

　　The United Nations has proposed the "ABC" principles for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. A stands for Abstinency, which means "abstinence". It is difficult to completely prohibit it, so take a step back and achieve "moderation". B stands for Be faithful, which means to be monogamous or have a fixed sexual partner and not have sex with strangers. C is Condom, which is the last step.

　　The long holiday is coming soon, so you should also pay attention to preventing the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases when traveling. First of all, you must pay attention to personal hygiene. It is best to change and wash underwear every day. ； When staying, carefully check the bedding in the room ； It is best to take a shower and wipe your body with your own towel. After going out and returning home, it is best to take a bath immediately, change clothes, and soak in boiling water. In addition, no matter how beautiful the trip is, it is important to remember that safe sex and a regular healthy sexual partner are important.