What are the common susceptibility factors that cause STDs?

　　sexually transmitted diseases Almost all are directly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Oral sex, anal intercourse, masturbation, kissing, touching, etc. can increase the chance of infection. When an infectious disease is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, it is a sexually transmitted disease. However, sexual contact is not the only way of transmission. It can also be transmitted indirectly through the patient's daily necessities, blood and blood products, placenta, birth canal, breast milk, organ transplantation, artificial insemination, etc.

　　Usually, there are five main ways of transmission of STDs:

　　1. Infection through direct sexual contact.

　　2. Caused by indirect contact with pathogens (patients’ clothing, utensils, etc.).

　　3. Placenta and birth canal infection. Once pregnant women are infected with sexually transmitted diseases disease Later, it can be caused by vertical transmission (mother-to-child transmission) fetus infection, leading to miscarriage, premature birth , stillbirth, stillbirth or neonatal infection, seriously affecting the fetus healthy。

　　4. Iatrogenic transmission.

　　5. Direct non-sexual contact (lesions or secretions).

　　Various sexually transmitted pathogens (bacteria, fungi, spirochetes, chlamydia, mycoplasma, viruses, parasites, etc.) cause disease through sexual contact, direct contact or indirect contact. Currently, about 25 types of infections are STDs, including trachoma pathogens, Gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, herpes, hepatitis B, human papilloma virus, human immunodeficiency virus, chancre, denovo disease (groin granuloma), lymphogranuloma venereum, mycoplasma, enteric bacterial pathogens, enteroprotozoa, lice, scabies and molluscum contagiosum, etc.

　　There are susceptibility factors to the disease : ① Anatomical factors: The edge of the junction between normal cervical squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium. lie in Uterus outside the neck and exposed to the vaginal environment, making it susceptible to infection. The squamous metaplasia at the ectopic site is very active during adolescence, and human papillomavirus (HPV) can be integrated into cells during cell replication, so adolescence is susceptible to HPV infection. ②Invasiveness of pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae easily invade columnar epithelium. ③Endocrine factors: During menstruation, because the pH of the vaginal environment is only 6.8 to 7.0, gonococcal infection originating from the cervix is ​​easy to occur, and the chance of ascending infection is also the greatest.