How syphilis is transmitted to others

　　The main source of syphilis infection is syphilis patients. The main ways of spreading syphilis are as follows.

　　l. Direct contact can be divided into two types: sexual contact and non-sexual contact.

　　(l) Sexual contact includes:

　　①Sexual contact. Genital sores caused by sexual intercourse account for more than 95% of all first sores caused by syphilis. Infections caused by normal sexual intercourse are the most common, and the first sores are usually located in the genital area. Homosexuals or people with sexual psychology or sexual perversions can also infect each other through abnormal sexual intercourse such as "oral sex", "anal sex" and tongue and genital sex. Initial sores are mostly located in the mouth, tongue, pharynx, larynx, tonsils, anus and rectum.

　　②Wet kissing. There are spirochetes in the saliva of patients with secondary syphilis, so they can be transmitted through wet kissing. This first sore is usually located on the lips, tongue or tonsils.

　　③Touching sex. If it comes into contact with someone's hands skin Syphilis lesions or secretions may cause infection to those who are touched. This initial sore is common in female Breast, nipple or areola.

　　(2) Non-sexual contact: The chance of infection is small. include:

　　①Live in close contact. There are spirochetes in the milk of patients with secondary syphilis, so women with syphilis can be infected through breastfeeding baby , causing vertical transmission.

　　②Birth canal contact. fetus During delivery through the birth canal, the spirochetes in the cervix or vagina of syphilitic mothers can infect the fetus through skin or mucous membrane abrasions. Newborns often develop syphilis sores on their heads or shoulders. This is also one of the ways of vertical communication.

　　③Iatrogenic direct exposure. During operations such as patient examination, puncture, surgery, dressing change, and turning over, instruments containing pathogens can damage the skin of medical staff. ； Or when the skin of medical staff is broken, spirochetes can enter the body and cause infection.

　　2. Indirect contact can be divided into two ways.

　　(l) General indirect contact. Clothing, bedding, toilets, toilets, bedpans and other daily items contaminated by spirochetes can also spread the disease. (2) Iatrogenic indirect contact. Check that the instruments used by the patient and the needles used by the patient can be contaminated by spirochetes. If they are not strictly disinfected and used again, they can infect others.

　　3. Menstrual blood infection: It can be divided into two types: blood-borne infection and placental infection.

　　(1) Blood-borne infection. There are a large number of spirochetes in the blood of patients with secondary syphilis. If the detection is not strict, receiving such blood transfusion or using such blood products, the recipient or user of the blood may be infected with sea virus.

　　(2) Placental infection. When pregnant women suffer from secondary syphilis, or when patients with early syphilis are pregnant, after the placenta is deformed, the spirochetes can pass from the mother through the placental barrier into the blood of the fetus, causing it to be infected. This is the third method of vertical communication.