Encyclopedia of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Symptoms and Treatments of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

　　1. What is sexual transmission? disease？

　　Sexually transmitted diseases are a group of diseases that are mainly transmitted through sexual contact, referred to as sexually transmitted diseases . Internationally, more than 20 infectious diseases caused by sexual behavior or similar sexual behaviors are included in the category of sexually transmitted diseases. The more common sexually transmitted diseases include syphilis, gonorrhea, non-gonococcal urethritis, genital warts, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, chancroid, genital herpes, vaginal trichomoniasis, hepatitis B and AIDS wait. Sexually transmitted diseases have always been an important global public health and social problem, affecting human body, psychology and reproduction. healthy cause serious harm

　　2. How are sexually transmitted diseases spread?

　　STDs can be transmitted through direct sexual contact, indirect contact, and placental and birth canal infections. According to statistics, more than 90% of sexually transmitted diseases are directly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Therefore, the main transmission route of sexually transmitted diseases is sexual contact.

　　3. Introduction to the most common symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases

　　1) Syphilis - is a chronic systemic disease caused by Treponema pallidum, which can cause damage and disease to almost all tissues and organs in the human body, leading to functional impairment, tissue destruction, and in the most serious cases, death.

　　Main symptoms: Primary syphilis mainly manifests as painless ulcers on the vagina, which usually begin 2 to 4 weeks after infection.； Secondary syphilis mainly manifests as rash and flat condyloma, as well as bones, joints, eyes, and nerve , visceral and other parts of the disease. Tertiary syphilis mainly manifests as symptoms of severe damage to nerves, cardiovascular and other major organs ； There are also some patients who do not have any symptoms after being infected with syphilis (latent syphilis), but can spread syphilis to others and the next generation through sexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission.

　　2) Gonorrhea - This is a disease caused by gonococcal infection, which can invade the human pelvic cavity, Uterus Neck, urethra, rectum, skin , eyes or throat and other parts, and often coexist with mycoplasma and chlamydia infections.

　　Main symptoms: male Most of them are burning pain or itching when urinating, and urethral pus discharge. female ? It manifests as vulvar itching and burning sensation, accompanied by vaginal purulent discharge. About 5 to 20% of men and 60% of women infected with gonorrhea do not have any symptoms and will only be discovered after testing. However, these patients are still contagious.

　　3) Condyloma acuminata - also known as anogenital warts, a disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).

　　Main symptoms: The main symptoms are single or multiple papillary, comb-shaped, cauliflower-shaped or mass-shaped vegetations on the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, and even in the throat and other parts. There are also some patients who do not feel any discomfort after being infected with this virus, but carrying the virus for a long time may lead to the occurrence of genital tumors and can also transmit the virus to others.

　　4) Genital herpes - is an inflammatory and recurrent disease caused by herpes simplex virus infection. There is currently no complete cure for the disease, but the disease can be controlled and the frequency of the disease reduced by taking antiviral drugs. Infections in pregnant women can cause fetus Intrauterine infection and neonatal herpes, leading to serious consequences. In addition, it can increase the risk of HIV infection.

　　Main symptoms: It starts with itching or burning and pain in the vagina, thighs or buttocks. Subsequently, multiple erythema, papules, and blisters may appear on the genitals, buttocks, anus, or other parts of the body. The initial onset may also be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and headache. The disease is prone to relapse, and immunosuppression, immune deficiency, mental stress, fatigue, colds and alcoholism are the main causes of relapse.

　　3) Chlamydia trachomatis infection - Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide range of diseases that can cause eye, reproductive tract and other organs, causing mother-to-child transmission. 75% of female patients and 25% of male patients will not have symptoms and will only be discovered after testing.

　　Main symptoms: mainly mucus or mucopurulent discharge from the urethra, pain during urination, pain in the lower abdomen or pain during sexual intercourse.

　　5) Trichomonas vaginalis - an inflammatory disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It mainly invades the female vagina and causes trichomonas vaginitis. It is a common gynecological disease. It can also cause urogenital tract infections in men.

　　Main symptoms: Women present with vulvar itching, vaginal congestion, and increased secretions, mostly foamy yellow-green secretions, often smelly, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Men mostly present with itching, discomfort and a small amount of urethral secretion in the urethra. However, men often have mild symptoms or even no symptoms after infection. Men may have vaginal trichomoniasis without knowing it, but they can directly transmit it to their sexual partners through sexual intercourse.

　　4. What should you do if you have the above symptoms?

　　You should go to a regular medical institution for relevant laboratory testing as soon as possible. Professional dermatological and venereal disease prevention and treatment institutions in Guangdong Province, such as the Guangdong Provincial Dermatological and Venereous Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, chronic disease prevention and treatment stations, dermatology hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals and general hospitals can provide testing services.

　　5. How to treat?

　　The doctor will decide on a specific treatment plan based on the patient's condition and cause. Patients should strictly follow the doctor's instructions, avoid indiscriminate use of medication and irregular treatment to avoid adverse consequences, and conduct regular reviews based on specific diseases to determine the treatment effect and infectivity.

　　6. How to prevent

　　1) Actively treat existing sexually transmitted diseases or skin diseases, and sexual partners should be examined and treated at the same time；

　　2) Stay loyal to your sexual partner and avoid unclean sex and multiple sex partners；

　　3) Adopt safe and healthy sexual behavior and use condoms correctly and throughout sex life；

　　4) Pay attention to personal hygiene, change clothes and shower frequently；

　　5) Promote the use of disposable public bathing, wearing and other supplies；

　　6) Strengthen exercise and improve body immunity.