What you need to know about serious sexually transmitted diseases prevalent in the world

 　　1. Gonorrhea

　　Gonorrhea is the oldest sexually transmitted disease disease , its symptoms were described in the Old Testament in 1500 BC. The Greek medical saint Hippocrates (400 BC) called gonorrhea "Venus disease", which was caused by sexual intercourse. In 1879, Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated.

　　The epidemic of gonorrhea is often related to war, and the attrition of the army caused by gonorrhea sometimes exceeds the casualties of war. Gonorrhea epidemics occurred in both the First and Second World Wars. It was not until the widespread use of penicillin in the 1950s that its widespread epidemic was curbed. After the 1970s, due to the influence of Western sexual indulgence, gonorrhea spread widely again. Gonorrhea patients currently rank first among sexually transmitted diseases in China. Most patients develop symptoms 3-5 days after infection, but symptoms may occur 1 day or two weeks later.

　　After a man suffers from gonorrhea, he will discharge thin and light powdery secretions from the urethral opening, which will soon become thicker and thicker. The color may be white, yellow or yellow-green. At this time, it has become purulent secretions, and a large number of pus stains can be seen on his underwear. There may be edema around the urethral opening, a burning sensation during urination, and inguinal lymph nodes may be swollen. Because the early symptoms of gonorrhea in men are painful and severe, they seek treatment aggressively. If not treated in time, it can spread upward along the urethra and cause accessory gland infection. There are also many male Patients with mild or asymptomatic symptoms spread gonorrhea to female important source of infection. About 60-80% of women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, so they do not know they are infected. Women infected with gonorrhea can be the first to attack Uterus The neck discharges a small amount of purulent secretions, which are difficult to detect due to the small amount. Symptoms can also spread to the vulva and urethra, causing burning pain during urination. Since the disease is not easily noticed by patients in the early stages and treatment is naturally not timely, it is not surprising that it spreads upward through the uterus.

　　Untreated gonorrhea has become one of the most common causes of female infertility. Nongenital gonorrheal infections include the oropharynx, anus, and rectum. Eye It is the most common site of infection in newborns, so it has become a routine care practice to instill other antibiotic eye drops such as silver nitrate or erythromycin into the eyes of newborns after delivery. If left untreated, infection can cause blindness in children. The reason why gonorrhea is difficult to control is mainly due to the drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria, coupled with its short incubation period and rapid spread, which makes treatment and prevention difficult. The main treatment is penicillin, and antibiotics such as probenecid, spectinomycin or cephalosporin can be combined. With appropriate and adequate treatment, symptoms can significantly improve or disappear within a short period of time.

　　Recently, many cases of super gonorrhea have appeared around the world

　　According to a report on the British Daily Mail website on May 5, U.S. Department of Health officials recently warned that two cases of "super gonorrhea" have been discovered in Hawaii and that the virus may be more contagious than AIDS。

　　It is reported that the "super gonorrhea virus" is code-named H041. It was first discovered in Japan in 2011, and infected people have also appeared in the United States, Norway and other places. The first patient infected with the "super gonorrhea virus" in the United States was a young woman in Hawaii who was discovered in May 2011. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has asked Congress to fund $50 million to find new antibiotics for the virus. 　Doctors warn that this "super gonorrhea" is as deadly as AIDS. Alan Kristiansson, a naturopathic doctor, said in an interview with NBC television: "Once this bacteria becomes contagious, its short-term consequences are more serious than AIDS. This is because they are extremely aggressive and can infect more people in a short period of time. ”Experts point out that the best way to reduce the resistance of bacteria is to develop new drugs, but this is currently not possible and can only be achieved by using multiple antibiotics at the same time. Unemo said that if it cannot be controlled in time, based on historical data, this new pathogen will spread around the world within 10 years. U.S. Department of Health official White Hill said the department has sent experts to medical and health care facilities across Hawaii to conduct in-depth investigation and research on this "super gonorrhea."

　　2. AIDS

　　“"AIDS" is the transliteration of the English abbreviation AIDS of the disease, which is medically called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is a viral infection, and its patients mainly include homosexuals (75%), heroin injectors (15%), Haitian immigrants in the United States (5%), hemophilia Among the patients, those who frequently take injections of concentrated antihemophilic globulin (1%) and others account for 4%. Its initial performance is similar to that of ordinary cold , pharyngitis is similar. Half of the patients may have symptoms such as generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, but these symptoms are not specific. There are two unique symptoms: one is skin Secondly, multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma is complicated by some diseases that rarely occur in ordinary people, such as pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, and atypical mycobacterial and fungal infections. Their incidence rates are between 25-50%. AIDS is called the plague because its speed of spread and the geographical areas it affects are very surprising. The transmission route of AIDS is basically similar to that of hepatitis B. The virus can be present in blood, semen, saliva, tears and breast milk. Sexual transmission is the most common mode of HIV transmission, especially among homosexuals or heterosexual promiscuous persons, but this is not the only mode of transmission.

　　Research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control shows that saliva can inactivate HIV, so the virus detection rate in saliva is lower and the saliva transmission rate is also lower. Although oral-genital contact is not a harmful behavior, the risk of infection cannot be ruled out because there will always be contact with semen, blood, etc. between both parties. Condoms can only limit the contact with semen, but they cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, just because you use it, you cannot be foolproof. So far, there are 14 million HIV carriers in the world, more than 2 million of whom have developed into AIDS patients, and there are 300,000 AIDS patients in the United States alone. The mortality rate of AIDS is astonishing: 36% within one year of diagnosis, 51% within two years, and 70% within three years. Unlike cancer, AIDS can be cured by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to control or delay life. Because there are no preventive vaccines or specific drugs for treatment. The World Health Organization estimates that if there are no breakthroughs in research, there will be 10 million AIDS patients by the end of this century, and 40 million to 120 million people infected with the virus.

　　Chinese foreign aid medical staff have tried traditional Chinese medicine to treat AIDS in the United States and Africa and achieved gratifying results, and are currently undergoing further research. Some people regard AIDS as God's punishment for homosexuality, but facts are increasingly proving that this argument is far from a scientific judgment, because the spread among heterosexuals has increased day by day, and has a tendency to exceed the spread among homosexuals. Besides, homosexuality has existed at all times and in all countries, so why didn’t it appear in the past and only appeared in the 1980s? At present, some scientists have suggested that human immunodeficiency virus is not the only factor causing AIDS, so are the research on vaccines and drugs against it untargeted? ! They may not only be ineffective but may even have adverse effects. Some people have suggested that environmental pollution, the disappearance of the ozone layer, and the increase in outer space radiation are important factors that induce the increase in virus toxicity.

　　3. Syphilis

　　Syphilis is one of the ancient sexually transmitted diseases. Penicillin is a powerful weapon in the treatment of syphilis, but its radical cure is still a difficult task. The characteristic of syphilis is that symptoms do not appear for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, hard bumps begin to appear on the genitals, which then rupture and form ulcers. The edge of the ulcer is hard and raised, which is called "hard chancre". Pay attention to distinguish it from chancroid and genital herpes. Diagnosis cannot be made by blood tests until 6 weeks later. There are also people who do not show symptoms but are at risk of infecting others and developing cerebral syphilis in the late stages. Check your blood regularly and treat it promptly if it is found to be positive. Before the emergence of AIDS, syphilis was the most harmful sexually transmitted disease with extremely complex clinical manifestations and could invade various organs and tissues of the body. In the early stage, it invades the skin and mucous membranes. In the late stage, in addition to the mucous membranes and skin, it is particularly easy to invade the heart and central nervous system. At present, there are no late-stage cases. In the late 1960s, late-stage syphilis cases such as syphilitic heart disease and gummy swelling were still seen in China. The Ministry of Health announced the treatment plan for syphilis in 1987. Aqueous penicillin or benzathine long-acting penicillin is the first choice. In case of allergies, erythromycin or tetracycline is used instead. Treatment must be sufficient, regular, complete the course of treatment as planned, and follow up. In short, the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is still an arduous task, and keeping oneself clean is the most important preventive factor in protecting oneself from being infected and harmed by sexually transmitted diseases.