Causes of non-sexual bleeding

Non-sexual bleeding may be caused by endocrine disorders, reproductive tract inflammation, uterine lesions, coagulation disorders, drug factors, etc. Targeted treatment is required according to the specific cause.

1. Endocrine disorders:

The female menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and abnormal uterine bleeding can result when hormone levels are abnormal. It is common in women after menarche in adolescence, perimenopausal women, or people with long-term mental stress and excessive dieting. Symptoms include intermenstrual spotting, prolonged menstruation, or increased menstrual flow. The diagnosis can be confirmed through six sex hormone tests, and if necessary, short-acting contraceptive pills can be used to adjust the cycle.

2. Reproductive tract inflammation:

Gynecological inflammations such as cervicitis and vaginitis may cause mucosal congestion, damage and bleeding. Common pathogens include mold, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, etc., which are often accompanied by symptoms such as abnormal secretions and vulvar itching. Contact bleeding can be seen in the acute phase, and routine leucorrhea examination is required to determine the type of infection. The main treatment is antibiotic suppositories, and in severe cases, oral medications are required.

3. Uterine lesions:

Space-occupying lesions such as endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids may cause irregular bleeding. Polyps often manifest as postmenstrual bleeding, and fibroids may cause increased menstrual flow. Ultrasound examination can confirm the diagnosis. Polyps with a diameter of more than 1 cm are recommended to be removed by hysteroscopy. Fibroids can be treated with medication or surgery depending on their size.

4. Coagulation disorders:

Blood system diseases such as thrombocytopenia and hemophilia can lead to abnormal coagulation function. It may manifest as skin ecchymosis, gum bleeding, and irregular vaginal bleeding. Four tests such as coagulation and platelet count are required. Mild cases can be improved by iron supplementation, while severe cases require infusion of coagulation factors.

5. Drug factors:

Emergency contraceptive pills, anticoagulant drugs, and hormonal drugs may interfere with normal coagulation function or endometrial cycle. Breakthrough bleeding commonly occurs within 3-7 days after taking the drug, and usually recovers on its own after stopping the drug. Long-term users are advised to adjust their medication regimen under the guidance of a doctor.

It is recommended that when non-menstrual bleeding occurs, the bleeding time, amount and accompanying symptoms should be recorded, and strenuous exercise and bathing should be avoided. Keep your vulva clean and dry every day, choose cotton underwear and change it daily. Pay attention to supplementing your diet with iron-rich animal liver, spinach, etc., and avoid raw and cold stimulating foods during menstruation. Do moderate yoga, walking and other soothing exercises to ensure 7-8 hours of sleep every day. If the bleeding lasts for more than a week or is accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue, you need to seek medical treatment promptly. Women over 40 years old are recommended to undergo gynecological ultrasound and cervical cancer screening every year.