Breast cysts or fibroadenoma. But it can also be malignant

Most breast lumps are benign lesions, commonly seen in cysts or fibroadenoma, but you need to be alert to the possibility of malignancy. The main causes of breast lumps include fluctuations in hormone levels, breast tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory response, genetic factors and malignant tumors. It is recommended to seek medical examination promptly if any abnormalities are found.

1. Fluctuations in hormone levels:

Cyclic changes in estrogen and progesterone may stimulate the proliferation of breast ducts and acini, leading to the formation of cysts or fibroadenomas. Women are more likely to develop these physiological lumps during puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy or menopause. The nature can be clarified through ultrasound examination. Generally, no special treatment is required, and regular follow-up observation is sufficient.

2. Breast tissue hyperplasia:

Excessive proliferation of breast lobular or ductal epithelial cells may lead to fibroadenomas, which appear as well-circumscribed, mobile, painless masses. Breast hyperplasia is usually related to endocrine disorders and is more common in women under 40 years old. It is recommended to avoid high-fat diet, reduce caffeine intake, and take Xiaoyaosan and other Chinese patent medicines for conditioning if necessary.

3. Inflammatory response:

Blockage of the breast ducts during lactation may cause galactocysts, and when accompanied by infection, symptoms of mastitis such as redness, swelling, heat and pain may occur. Non-lactating breast inflammation may be related to an autoimmune response. Antibiotic treatment is required in the acute stage, chronic inflammation can be relieved with hot compresses, and lesions such as intraductal papillomas need to be ruled out for repeated episodes.

4. Genetic factors:

BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. This type of malignant mass often appears as a fixed mass with a hard texture and unclear boundaries. Those with a family history are recommended to undergo breast ultrasound combined with mammography every year after the age of 25, and undergo genetic testing if necessary.

5. Malignant tumors:

Breast cancer may only appear as a painless small lump in the early stage. As the disease progresses, skin changes like orange peel, nipple bleeding, or axillary lymph node enlargement may occur. Pathological biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and breast-conserving surgery, chemotherapy or targeted therapy can be selected according to the stage. Women over 40 years old should give priority to ruling out the possibility of malignancy if they find a mass.

Breast self-examination should be performed every month after menstruation, using fingertips to apply spiral pressure on the entire breast and armpit area. Wear a well-fitting bra to avoid local compression, and supplement with appropriate amounts of vitamin E and flaxseed oil to help maintain breast health. Ultrasound examination is the first choice for those under 35 years old, and mammography screening is recommended every 1-2 years for those over 40 years old. If a mass grows rapidly, has an irregular shape, is accompanied by nipple indentation or discharge, you need to seek medical attention immediately. The early cure rate of breast cancer can reach more than 90%. Maintaining a regular schedule and a happy mood are particularly important to prevent breast disease.